Step into the captivating world of Cappadocia’s underground cities, reminiscent of a true fairyland. With more than 36 hidden beneath its surface, these enigmatic marvels are a sensation for all who journey to Cappadocia.
As you explore, you’ll encounter a tapestry of ideas, myths, and extraordinary explanations surrounding these subterranean wonders. It’s important to clarify that an “Underground City” isn’t a bustling urban center but rather began as humble storage spaces before evolving into fortified citadels for defense. Early Christians later repurposed and expanded them into clandestine underground churches, adding layers of intrigue to their history.
Today, these once-secretive spaces have been unveiled as captivating tourist attractions. Carved into the geological wonder of tuff and basalt stone, they boast intricate cave houses, stables, and storage units. These underground sanctuaries trace back to the dawn of human history, reflecting the ingenuity of our earliest ancestors in this remarkable region.
Join us on a journey through time and beneath the earth’s surface as we uncover the secrets of Cappadocia’s underground cities, a testament to the enduring spirit of exploration and innovation.
Carving one, two, or even three-level cave houses into the fairy chimneys of Cappadocia might seem relatively straightforward, but the true marvel lies in the creation of the seven or eight-level underground cities. These astonishing feats were achieved through the ingenuity and skill of remarkably talented artisans.
Incredibly, these deep underground cities were meticulously crafted to address various challenges. From ensuring adequate air circulation to safeguarding entrances against enemies, and even managing the organization of inhabitants without chaos, the achievements of these ancient builders are nothing short of remarkable.
As we delve deeper into the history of Cappadocia’s underground cities, we uncover a testament to human resilience, creativity, and adaptability. Join us as we explore the extraordinary achievements of those who carved these subterranean marvels, leaving behind a legacy of innovation that continues to inspire awe to this day.
Derinkuyu Underground City
Derinkuyu underground city stands as a testament to ancient ingenuity, boasting an impressive eight levels of tunnels wider than its counterparts, Kaymakli and Ozkonak. Within its labyrinthine depths, visitors can explore various chambers including storerooms, churches, kitchens, stables, a graveyard, and even a water well.
The origins of this subterranean marvel are shrouded in mystery, with ingenious hands carving into the earth with passion. While the exact date and creators remain uncertain, even the discovered portions reveal Derinkuyu as one of the world’s most enigmatic underground cities. Believed to be nearly as ancient as scripture itself, its true scale remains unknown, potentially accommodating over five thousand inhabitants.
Discovered by locals in 1963 and opened for tourism in 1965, only a fraction of Derinkuyu’s vast expanse is accessible to visitors today, offering a glimpse into its fascinating history. With just 10% of the city currently uncovered and explorations reaching depths of eight floors below ground, Derinkuyu continues to intrigue adventurers and historians alike, with much of its secrets yet to be unearthed.
Kaymakli Underground city
Its narrow tunnels offer a strong feeling of being in the underground city, Has eight levels but you can visit only four of them. Winery and stone gate is must-see.
The inhabitants of the village of Kaymaklı, whose ancient name is “Enegüp”, have constructed their homes near 100 or more tunnels of the underground city. Even today, villagers pass through these tunnels and utilize the appropriate places of the underground city as cellars, storerooms and stables. Underground city of Kaymaklı is different from the Derinkuyu in terms of both its plan and its establishment. Its passages are low, narrow and slopping. Currently, four floors have been unearthed and the spaces are concentrated around the ventilation shafts. In the first floor of the underground city, stables are located. The church on the 2nd floor has a single nave and two apsis. In front of the apsis is an altar, and on the sides there are seating platforms.
The most important areas of the underground city are on the 3rd floor. Besides numerous storage places, wineries and kitchen, the block of andesite with relief-texture found on this floor is very interesting. The stone was not brought here from outside but was part of the andesite layer unearthened while hollowing. To be used for when there is a need, 57 holes were carved on the surface of the stone for crushing and grinding purposes. Even though the whole city has not been completely opened, and since only 4 floors have been uncovered, it is certain that Kaymakli is one of the largest underground settlements in the region. It is accepted as the widest underground city of Cappadocia, among the explored ones. The number of the storage rooms in such a small area supports the idea that a great number of people resided here.
resource: muze.gov.tr
Ozkonak Underground city
Ozkonak Underground City offers seamless access between its levels, with tunnels wider than those found in Derinkuyu. Unlike the bustling atmospheres of Kaymakli or Derinkuyu, Ozkonak provides a tranquil environment, allowing visitors to immerse themselves fully in the experience.
While public buses offer access to these underground cities, multiple transfers may be required. Opting for a guided tour with a professional guide is the easiest and most convenient way to explore. Whether you choose a daily regular tour or a private excursion, entrance fees are typically included.
Alternatively, if you prefer independent exploration, you can purchase single entrance tickets at the entrances or opt for Museum Pass cards for a more cost-effective option. Whichever method you choose, a visit to these underground cities promises an unforgettable journey into the depths of Cappadocia’s fascinating history.
If you’re seeking an adventure that transcends time, look no further than the Cappadocia Underground City. This ancient marvel stands as a testament to human ingenuity, serving as a defensive stronghold against invaders centuries ago. Carved meticulously from tuff and basalt stone, the city’s intricate network of tunnels and chambers stretches across miles, inviting exploration into a world steeped in history.
As you navigate the underground labyrinth, you’ll be transported to an era of constant vigilance and resilience. The elaborate defensive structures and ingenious engineering marvels bear witness to the enduring spirit of its inhabitants. Remarkably, the city’s survival through the ages speaks volumes about the craftsmanship and determination of its creators.
What sets the Cappadocia underground city apart is its unique construction method. Rather than erecting structures above ground, the people of Cappadocia opted to carve their dwellings directly into the natural rock formations. This not only fortified the city’s defenses but also ensured a consistent, comfortable temperature year-round, regardless of the harsh conditions outside.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an intrepid explorer, or simply in search of a singular travel experience, the Cappadocia Underground City beckons. With its labyrinthine tunnels, awe-inspiring defensive structures, and rich history, it promises an unforgettable journey into the depths of the past.
Understanding the Ideal Timing for Your Underground City Adventure
Embarking on an underground city adventure requires thoughtful consideration of timing to ensure the most fulfilling experience. The ideal time to visit these subterranean marvels is during the spring and autumn months, typically from April to June and September to November. During these seasons, the weather in Cappadocia is mild and pleasant, offering comfortable conditions for exploration. Additionally, these periods see fewer crowds, allowing for a more intimate and immersive experience as you delve into the depths of history. However, if you prefer a winter visit, from December to February, you’ll encounter fewer tourists but may face colder temperatures. Summer, from July to August, can be hot and crowded, making it less ideal for exploring underground cities. By planning your visit during the optimal seasons, you’ll maximize your enjoyment and appreciation of these fascinating ancient sites.
F.A.Q.
Cappadocia’s underground cities are ancient subterranean complexes carved into the soft volcanic rock of the region. These cities were primarily used for shelter and protection during times of invasion.
There are several underground cities in Cappadocia, with the most famous ones being Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı. Derinkuyu is the deepest, extending approximately 60 meters below ground.
The underground cities were built for defensive purposes, providing a safe refuge for the local inhabitants during times of war or persecution. They also served as storage for food and other supplies.
The cities were excavated by hand, using simple tools, into the soft volcanic rock. They feature a network of tunnels, rooms, storage areas, and ventilation shafts.
The underground cities of Cappadocia date back to the Hittite period (around 1600 BCE) and were expanded and used by subsequent civilizations, including the Phrygians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, and early Christians
These cities represent a remarkable feat of ancient engineering and served as crucial shelters for the local population during times of conflict. They are also a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of the region.
Yes, many of the underground cities in Cappadocia, such as Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı, are open to visitors. Guided tours are available to explore the intricate tunnels, chambers, and rooms.
While most artifacts have been removed or lost over time, visitors can still see remnants of ancient stonework, ventilation systems, and even churches with frescoes in some areas.
Derinkuyu, one of the largest underground cities, extends approximately 60 meters (200 feet) below ground, with multiple levels interconnected by tunnels and passages.
While the sites are generally safe, visitors should be aware of low ceilings, narrow passages, and uneven surfaces. It’s advisable to take guided tours and follow safety guidelines to ensure a secure exploration experience.
